Heat networks: A key solution for decarbonising heat
This piece was originally published in Energy Manager Magazine, April 2025
Author: Davide Natuzzi, assistant director, energy, carbon and technical, Salix
Decarbonising heat is one of the most significant challenges in achieving net zero carbon emissions. Heat networks have emerged as a powerful solution, playing a central role in reducing carbon footprints while delivering cost-effective energy solutions. With the UK’s ambitious climate targets vision, expanding heat network infrastructure is essential for improving energy efficiency and supporting sustainable public sector development.
Heat networks distribute heat from a central source to multiple buildings via insulated pipes. This efficient method of delivering heat minimises energy waste and avoids the need for individual boilers or electric heaters in each building. By integrating renewable and low-carbon heat sources such as geothermal energy, heat pumps, and waste heat recovery, heat networks are a vital tool for reducing the UK's reliance on fossil fuels.
The UK government has identified heat networks as key to achieving net zero by 2050. By 2037, the goal is to reduce emissions from public sector buildings by 75% compared to 2017 levels. Expanding heat networks is crucial in meeting this objective, as they offer an effective alternative to fossil-fuel heating systems.
We have been active in supporting heat network development. Through the funding schemes we deliver, we help public sector organisations in connecting to new or existing heat networks. This includes financing the installation of building infrastructure that facilitates these connections, improving both energy efficiency and decarbonisation of heat.
We will continue to play an important role in aligning our support with other government-funded initiatives, ensuring public sector buildings can participate in heat network projects.
The introduction of heat network zoning regulations is set to increase investment in low-carbon heating infrastructure. This zoning approach identifies areas where heat networks are the most effective low-carbon solution, encouraging developers and building owners to connect to these systems. By establishing designated heat network zones, the government aims to streamline planning, attract investment, and expand infrastructure. This regulatory framework enhances funding opportunities for public sector organisations by ensuring their projects align with strategic decarbonisation goals.
Phase 4 of the Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme incorporates heat network features that prioritise cost-effective carbon reduction strategies. We deliver the scheme on behalf of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Applications that effectively connect buildings to heat networks are more likely to receive funding under this targeted allocation model in any future schemes should they be developed. This aligns with the UK's long-term decarbonisation strategy, ensuring investments deliver maximum carbon savings per pound spent.
As heat network regulations evolve, public sector organisations will need to consider additional requirements to ensure compliance. Projects seeking funding may be required to demonstrate compatibility with heat network systems, including technical specifications such as flow temperature settings, distribution network design, and heat interface unit configurations. These criteria are designed to ensure long-term system efficiency and alignment with emerging standards.
The success of heat networks centers on collaboration between various funding schemes and stakeholders. Through our work, we recognise that partnerships with local authorities, public sector organisations, and government agencies are essential for accelerating heat network adoption.
Learning from Denmark's Heat Network Expertise
Denmark has long been a leader in heat network innovation, offering valuable insights for the UK's efforts to expand its own infrastructure. I was part of a recent delegation visiting Denmark to study their advanced heat network systems, gaining knowledge in areas such as:
- Municipality-led heat strategies that empower local decision-making.
- Flexible energy systems that adapt to fluctuating energy costs and diverse heat sources.
- Integration of large-scale heat storage solutions to improve system efficiency.
The Danish model highlights the benefits of combining energy flexibility with stable costs, making heat networks a competitive alternative to traditional heating methods. As seen in Copenhagen's innovative Amager Resource Center and Høje Taastrup Heat Storage Facility, Denmark has successfully integrated renewable energy sources into its heat networks, offering practical guidance for UK expansion.
Through our work we will inevitably place a strong emphasis on ensuring public sector buildings can connect to heat networks. These buildings often act as anchor loads, stabilising system performance while enabling local communities to access sustainable heating solutions.
Raising awareness and building expertise
To fully realise the potential of heat networks, greater knowledge and expertise are needed among public sector building managers and within our own organisation. Training, workshops, and guidance are necessary to ensuring stakeholders can make informed decisions about heat network connections, technical requirements, and funding applications. By fostering a culture of knowledge-sharing, the UK can unlock the full potential of heat networks as a key decarbonisation tool.
Heat networks are an established and effective solution for reducing carbon emissions, improving energy efficiency, and lowering costs. With new regulations and funding opportunities, the UK is well-positioned to accelerate heat network adoption. By fostering collaboration, enhancing expertise, and prioritising public sector buildings, alongside our partners we can all play a key role in transforming the nation's energy landscape.
Through strategic investment and a commitment to innovation, heat networks are set to become a cornerstone of the UK’s decarbonisation journey, helping to achieve net zero goals and create a more sustainable future for generations to come.
